2023年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一般過(guò)去時(shí)講解及練習(xí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常和yesterday, ago, last week等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

一、概念

表示在的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month，last year，a momentago(剛才)，just now(剛才)，two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。如：

I went to bed ateleven last night.

昨晚我11：00睡覺(jué)。

二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律

(一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;

2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;

3.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將y改為i ,再加–ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4.以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加–ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

1.改變動(dòng)詞中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2.變?cè)~尾的–d為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3.與動(dòng)詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4.變-ay為-aid (少數(shù)動(dòng)詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5.采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6.其他。如：am/is→was are→werehave/has→had do→did

三、句式變化

(一)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定答為：Yes，…was.否定回答為：No，…. wasn’t.由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答為：Yes，…were.否定回答為：No，…weren’t.如：

(1)I was born in Shanghai.

→Wereyou bornin Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答)

→No, Iwasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in LiYan’s home lastnight?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答)

→No, theyweren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行為動(dòng)詞的句子中，要用助動(dòng)詞詞did來(lái)引導(dǎo)，其余的語(yǔ)序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式改為原形。肯定回答為：Yes, …did.否定回答：No, …didn’t.如：

John played computer games lastnight.

→Did John playcomputer gameslast night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答)

→No, hedidn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句

1.在表示過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was,were的后面加上not。

如：

(1)He was in thepark the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were notbusy last week.

2.在表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的句子中，要在行為動(dòng)詞的前面加助動(dòng)詞didn’t.然后把過(guò)去式的行為動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。即：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形。如：

(1)She played the violin last night.

→She didn’tplay the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lakeyesterday.

→They didn’tswim in thelake yesterday.

(三)一般過(guò)去式的特殊疑問(wèn)句

1.What did … ?(主要是詢問(wèn)過(guò)去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過(guò)去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。)

We ate Chinese food lastnight.

→What did weeat last night?

2.Where did ?(主要是詢問(wèn)過(guò)去事情發(fā)生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the musicroomyesterday morning.

→Where did they singand danceyesterday morning?

3.Who +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式… ?(主要是詢問(wèn)過(guò)去事情發(fā)生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountainslastweekend.

→Who climbedmountains lastweekend?

四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.在表示某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動(dòng)詞用過(guò)式was，were構(gòu)成。如：

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。

(2)Wewere in the gym just now.剛才我們?cè)隗w育館。

2.在表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成。如：

I visited my uncle yesterday.昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

3.各種句式

(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定陳述句：

主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.

(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句：

a.主語(yǔ)+ didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)。(did +not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主語(yǔ)+ wasn’t/weren’t +表語(yǔ)。(was + not= wasn't were+ not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher tenyearsago.

(3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句：

a.Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

b.Was/Were +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句：

a.特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)?

Where did your parents live five yearsago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ were/was +表語(yǔ)?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

一、寫(xiě)出下列詞的過(guò)去式

1.buy _____ 2.go _____

3.stay _____ 4.study ______

5.am/ are ______ 6.do ______

7.don’t ______ 8.taste______

9. have/ has ____10.visit _____

二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Tim______ in front of the cinema for half an hour, but Tom didn’t come.

A. waits B. is waiting

C. waited D. will wait

2.—How was the volleyball game yesterday?

—Oh, it was great! We ______ so much fun.

A. have B. had

C. are having D. will have

3.--- Did your mother come back late yesterday?

---No, she ______. She never ______ back late.

A. doesn’t ; comes

B. didn’t; came

C. didn’t; comes

D. don’t; came

4.---Don't you see the sign No Parking! on the right?

---Sorry，I _________.But now I know parking here is not right.

A.don't B.didn't C.hadn't D.won't

5.---Sorry,Tom. I can't find the book you_________ me.

---It's OK. I don't need it any more.

A.lend B.have lent

C.will lend D.lent

三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.The farmers _____ (kill)some pigs a few days before the festival.

2.Jack ______ (seem) to be busy last weekend.

3.I ______ (start) to learn Russian by myself when I was twelve.

4.______ you ______ (buy) anything special for yourself?

5.He ______ (feel) bored at home,so he went to the park with his friends.

6.—Where ______ (do) you go on vacation?

—I ______ (go) to the beach.

7.Did you ______ (go) with anyone?

8.I ______ (be) on vacation last month.

9.Mary ______ (finish) her homework very late last night.

10.Most students ______ (want) to play computer games on the weekend.

四、按要求完成句子,每空一詞

1.I went toSanyaon vacation.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))

______ ______ you ______ on vacation?

2.Icleaned my roomlast weekend.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))

______ ______ you ______ last weekend?

3.He bought something special for his teacher.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)

______ he ______ ______ special for his teacher?

4.We did something interesting in the park.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)

______ you ______ ______ ______ in the park?

5.Somebody knows what the future will be like.(改為否定句)

______ ______ ______ what the future will be like.

6.The Greens went tothe beachon vacation last month. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))

______did the Greens ______ on vacation last month?

7.Did you visited your grandparents last weekend?(作否定回答)

______, I ______.

8.I stayed at home last vacation.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)

______ you ______ at home last vacation?

9.Linda went to the mountains on vacation three days ago.(改為否定句)

Linda ______ ______ to the mountains on vacation three days ago.

10.Jim doesn’t visit his uncle every month.(用last month改寫(xiě))

Jim ______ ______ his uncle last month.

五、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的提示填空。

A) Jill (1)______ (buy) a house two months ago. It is a beautiful house in the countryside. However, when Jill decided to buy it, it (2) ______ (need) a lot of work. (3) ______(one), she decorated (裝飾)all the rooms. Then she (4) ______ (plant) lots of flowers in the garden. After that, she (5) ______ (make) new curtains (窗簾).When it was ready, she (6) ______ (move) in. That was last week. Now, Jill (7) ______ (be) very happy.B) Life was different eighty years ago. People (1) ______ (not have) the things we have today. First of all，they (2) ______ (not watch) TV and they (3) ______ (talk) to each other a lot. Today people (4)_(not talk) to each other much because they (5) ______ (spend) a lot of time watching TV. Eighty years ago，people (6) ______ (dress) differently. For example (例如)，women (7) ______ (wear) the cheongsam (旗袍).

參考答案

一、1. bought 2. went 3. stayed 4. studied 5. was/were 6. did 7. didn’t 8. tasted 9. had 10. visited

二、1—5CBCBD

三、1. killed 2. seemed 3. started 4. Did; buy 5. felt 6. did; went 7. go 8. was 9. finished 10. wanted/wants

四、1. Where did; go 2. What did; do 3. Did; buy anything 4. Did; do anything interesting 5. Nobody knows 6. Where; go 7. No; didn’t 8. Did; stay 9. didn’t go 10. didn’t visit

五、A) 1. bought 2. needed 3. First 4. planted 5. made 6. moved 7. is

B) 1. didn’t have 2. didn’t watch 3. talked 4. don’t talk 5. spend 6. dressed 7. wore

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